New Operating Environment The Supply Chain Management...

New operating environment bought awareness to the supply chain management after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. These events exposed the pre-existing and unseen risk of disruption to supply networks from terrorist attacks. The risk was there all along but the attacks made it real and foremost in our minds. Additionally, these events began to expose the more significant interdependence that exists between all firms in the supply network. The interdependence also includes reliance on those U.S. Government agencies involved with transportation infrastructure and inbound mterial flows. Given these interdependencies, if one firm fails in the supply network, the entire network†¦show more content†¦Specifically, firms will need to pioneer new relationships with U.S. Government agencies that now share responsibility for making the supply network secure and resilient. Additionally, firms will need to develop deeper relationships with suppliers and customers throughout their supply networks to co-create a more secure and resilient network. Internally, the largest organizational challenge may be in establishing at the individual level a solid understanding of the interdependence of the systems, and the educational and training systems needed for tough network designs and planned resp onses to disruptions. Studying the practices of the progressive firms helped surface several characteristics that were common among the group and which are worth examining. They nearly all of the progressive firms (all but one firm) had previously experienced the impact of disruptions in their supply networks, and in response they built resilience and security into the current supply network. Also these firms revisited their existing supply network design, and actively redesigned their supply networks for resilience through a combination of flexibility and redundancy initiatives. Often, the firms elected to apply these in a ‘layered’ fashion to create a system comprised of layers of security and resilience. Then in developing plans to respond, the progressive firms often focused on ‘failure modes’ and those limited number of ways that operations can be affected by the

Being Mortal By Ivan Ilyich - 1311 Words

â€Å"Being Mortal† brings into question the way the health care system treats those who have no chance of recovery and are most certainly untreatable. From the beginning, were Gawandee pointed out the story of Ivan Ilyich, whose suffering was caused by an untreatable ailment. Ilyich was forced into treatment after treatment rather than made comfortable as he passed on. This leads into his next story where he was an intern whose patient had little to no hope of extended survival. The patient was offered a risky surgery that would do little good with the possibility of heafty consequences. Though the procedure was considered a technical success, the patient never recovered and soon was taken off of lifesupport. Gawande questions whether our†¦show more content†¦The importance of a fulfilled life seems to be lost under treatment after treatment. A comfortable end should be offered over one that will simply extend the patient’s pain and suffering. A study conducte d in 2010 using lung care patients showed those under the treatment of a palliative care specialist not only suffered less but also lived longer than those patients who were not. This would lead one to conclude that the focus on ameliorating the pain of the patient and their family should be the top priority in patients with ailments like terminal cancer. The book’s last two chapters focus on the author’s loss of his father. Gawande’s father was an oncologist, whose career involved finding cancer in others. This meant he also had the responsibility of delivering the news to his unfortunate patients. Gawande notes that there are two types of relationships with doctors, which are informative and paternalistic. His father decided to enter hospice care, which then leads into a dramatic scene where the author is giving a graduation address at Ohio University. His father was supposed to be wheeled in but instead he walked and climbed stairs. Gawande attributed this st rength to a â€Å"different kind of care†. This means that hospice care showed to improve strength in his father rather than be a detriment to him, as opposed to how he would likely have reacted to a round of different treatments.Show MoreRelatedWhen Tolstoy Meets Kant571 Words   |  2 PagesTolstoy Meets Kant Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy radiates throughout Leo Tolstoy’s short story â€Å"The Death of Ivan Ilyich.† The story begins with the death of Ivan Ilyich. Rather than morning his death, Ivan’s friends and family look for ways that they can benefit from his death. The narrative proceeds to portray the life of Ivan Ilyich leading up to his death. From a young age, Ivan displayed rather ordinary characteristics. He followed basic norms in an effort to attain a good job and upholdRead More Symbolism and Realism Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesRealists argue that these three themes of domesticity, decay, and disconnection are linked, a connection explored especially in the Symbolist Charles Baudelaire’s poem, â€Å"Spleen LXVIII† (1862), in the Realist Leo Tolstoy’s novella, The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886), and in the Realist Anton Chekhov’s play, The Cherry Orchard (1903). Specifically, these authors argue that the various forms of modern domestic life lead to the ruination of substantial interpersonal connection. As long as one drownsRead More Futility of Life in The Death of Ivan Ilyich Essay2748 Words   |  11 PagesFutility of Life in The Death of Ivan Ilyich      Ã‚   Count Leo Tolstoy is considered Russia’s greatest novelist and one of its most influential moral philosophers. As such, he is also one of the most complex individuals for historians of literature to deal with. His early work sought to replace romanticized glory with realistic views. A good example of this is the way he often portrayed battle as an unglamorous act performed by ordinary men. After his marriage, though, Tolstoy started to reexamineRead MoreI Don t Find An Artful Death Appealing913 Words   |  4 Pagesdays on this beautiful plant. In the beginning of Being Mortal Atul Gawande wrote a sentence that sums exactly what stands in the way of a modern-day Ars Moriendi. What tormented Ivan Ilyich most, Tolstoy writes, was the deception, the lie, which for some reason, they alla accepted, that he was not dying but was simply ill, and he only need keep quiet and undergo a treatment and then something very good would result (Atul Gawande, p. 2). Ivan Ilyich was si mply dying, but no one around him wantedRead MoreThe San Diego Symphony Hall2612 Words   |  11 PagesSan Diego Symphony presented Van Cliburn Gold, a Jacobs Masterworks Concert of the 2014-15 Season. The performance was held at the Jacobs Music Center’s Copley Symphony Hall and featured works from Ludwig Van Beethoven, Serge Prokofiev, and Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The conductor for the performance was Jahja Ling, and Vadym Kholodenko performed on the piano (Bromberger, 2014, p. 13). Born approximately on December 16, 1770, in Bonn, located in the Electorate of Cologne, a principality of the Holy

Current Status Of Malaria Vaccinology (2087 words) Essay Example For Students

Current Status Of Malaria Vaccinology (2087 words) Essay Current Status of Malaria VaccinologyannonIn order to assess the current status of malaria vaccinology one mustfirst take an overview of the whole of the whole disease. One mustunderstand the disease and its enormity on a global basis. Malaria is a protozoan disease of which over 150 million cases arereported per annum. In tropical Africa alone more than 1 millionchildren under the age of fourteen die each year from Malaria. Fromthese figures it is easy to see that eradication of this disease is ofthe utmost importance. The disease is caused by one of four species of Plasmodium These fourare P. falciparium, P .malariae, P .vivax and P .ovale. Malaria does notonly effect humans, but can also infect a variety of hosts ranging fromreptiles to monkeys. It is therefore necessary to look at all theaspects in order to assess the possibility of a vaccine. The disease has a long and complex life cycle which creates problems forimmunologists. The vector for Malaria is the Anophels Mosquito in whichthe life cycle of Malaria both begins and ends. The parasitic protozoanenters the bloodstream via the bite of an infected female mosquito. During her feeding she transmits a small amount of anticoagulant andhaploid sporozoites along with saliva. The sporozoites head directly forthe hepatic cells of the liver where they multiply by asexual fission toproduce merozoites. These merozoites can now travel one of two paths. They can go to infect more hepatic liver cells or they can attach to andpenetrate erytherocytes. When inside the erythrocytes the plasmodiumenlarges into uninucleated cells called trophozites The nucleus of thisnewly formed cell then divides asexually to produce a schizont, whichhas 6-24 nuclei. Now the multinucleated schizont then divides to produce mononucleatedmerozoites . Eventually the erythrocytes reaches lysis and as result themerozoites enter the bloodstream and infect more erythrocytes. Thiscycle repeats itself every 48-72 hours (depending on the species ofplasmodium involved in the original infection) The sudden release ofmerozoites toxins and erythrocytes debris is what causes the fever andchills associated with Malaria. Of course the disease must be able to transmit itself for survival. Thisis done at the erythrocytic stage of the life cycle. Occasionallymerozoites differentiate into macrogametocytes and microgametocytes. This process does not cause lysis and there fore the erythrocyte remainsstable and when the infected host is bitten by a mosquito thegametocytes can enter its digestive system where they mature in tosporozoites, thus the life cycle of the plasmodium is begun againwaiting to infect its next host. At present people infected with Malaria are treated with drugs such asChloroquine, Amodiaquine or Mefloquine. These drugs are effective ateradicating the exoethrocytic stages but resistance to them is becomingincreasing common. Therefore a vaccine looks like the only viableoption. The wiping out of the vector i.e. Anophels mosquito would also prove asan effective way of stopping disease transmission but the mosquito arealso becoming resistant to insecticides and so again we must look to avaccine as a solutionHaving read certain attempts at creating a malaria vaccine severalpoints become clear. The first is that is the theory of Malariavaccinology a viable concept? I found the answer to this in an articlepublished in Nature from July 1994 by Christopher Dye and GeoffreyTargett. They used the MMR (Measles Mumps and Rubella) vaccine as anexample to which they could compare a possible Malaria vaccine Theirarticle said that simple epidemiological theory states that thecritical fraction (p) of all people to be immunised with a combinedvaccine (MMR) to ensure eradication of all three pathogens is determinedby the infection that spreads most quickly through the population; thatis by the age of one with the largest basic case reproduction number Ro. In case the of MMR this is measles with Ro of around 15 which impliesthat p 1-1/Ro ? 0.93 Gupta et al points out that if a populationof malaria parasite consists of a collection of pathogens or strainsthat have the same properties as common childhood viruses, the vaccinecoverage would be determined by the strain with the largest Ro ratherthan the Ro of the whole parasite population. While estimates of thelatter have been as high as 100, the former could be much lower. Chinua Achebe Heart Of Darkness EssaySecondary analyses revealed that CS antibody levels were lower invaccinee malaria cases than in non-cases, 3 and 5 months after the thirddose of vaccine. Because antibody levels had fallen substantially beforepeak malaria transmission occurred, the question of whether or not highlevels of CS antibody are protective still remains to be seen. So at theend we are once again left without conclusive evidence, but are now evencloser to creating the sought after malaria vaccine. Finally we reach the last and by far the most promising, prevalent andcontroversial candidate vaccine. This I found continually mentionedthroughout several scientific magazines. Science (Jan 95) andVaccine (95) were two which had no bias reviews and so the followinginformation is taken from these. The vaccine to which I am referring tois the SPf66 vaccine. This vaccine has caused much controversy andraised certain dilemmas. It was invented by a Colombian physician andchemist called Manual Elkin Patarroyo and it is the first of its kind. His vaccine could prove to be one the few effective weapons againstmalaria, but has run into a lot of criticism and has split the malariaresearch community. Some see it as an effective vaccine that has provenitself in various tests whereas others view as of marginal significanceand say more study needs to be done before a decision can be reached onits widespread use. Recent trials have shown some promise. One trial carried by Patarroyoand his group in Columbia during 1990 and 1991 showed that the vaccinecut malaria episodes by over 39 % and first episodes by 34%. Anothertrail which was completed in 1994 on Tanzanian children showed that itcut the incidence of first episodes by 31%. It is these results thathave caused the rift within research areas. Over the past 20 years, vaccine researchers have concentrated mainly onthe early stages of the parasite after it enters the body in an attemptto block infection at the outset (as mentioned earlier). Patarroyohowever, took a more complex approach. He spent his time designing avaccine against the more complex blood stage of the parasite stoppingthe disease not the infection. His decision to try and create syntheticpeptides raised much interest. At the time peptides were thought capableof stimulating only one part of the immune system; the antibodyproducing B cells whereas the prevailing wisdom required T cells as wellin order to achieve protective immunity. Sceptics also pounced on the elaborate and painstaking process ofelimination Patarroyo used to find the right peptides. He took 22immunologically interesting proteins from the malaria parrasite, whichhe identified using antibodies from people immune to malaria, andinjected these antigens into monkeys and eventually found four thatprovided some immunity to malaria. He then sequenced these four antigensand reconstructed dozens of short fragments of them. Again using monkeys(more than a thousand) he tested these peptides individually and incombination until he hit on what he considered to be the jackpotvaccine. But the WHO a 31% rate to be in the grey area and so there isstill no decision on its use. In conclusion it is obvious that malaria is proving a difficult diseaseto establish an effective and cheap vaccine for in that some tests andinconclusive and others while they seem to work do not reach a highenough standard. But having said that I hope that a viable vaccine willpresent itself in the near future (with a little help from thescientific world of course).

Isaac Rodriguez Essays (348 words) - Firearms,

Isaac Rodriguez ENC0017 July 17 , 2017 Professor: Sisto Gun Control: Would it really help? Thesis statements: Gun control is an issue that divides Americans. The southern and western states are known as pro gun states and most of the northern states want to limit the rights of Americans to carry guns. Some politicians believe that that limiting or taking guns from citizens will also take guns away from criminals. Others think that if law abiding citizens are carrying weapons that will make criminals think about committing crimes. I personally do not believe that taking weapons away from law abiding citizens will prevent criminals from getting guns illegally. Crimes that are committed by criminals are usually done with guns that were acquired illegally. Taking guns away from law abiding citizens will only make them easy targets for criminals. One argument that many politicians like to use is that citizens can call Police Officers. But often by the time the Police arrive to scene of the crime the criminals are already gone. I think that if every law-abiding citizen is trained and armed criminals will think about targeting them. Criminals area already armed therefore law-abiding citizens should be armed too. Politicians should stay away from a right that was given to citizens by the founders of the country. Every citizen should have the opportunity to defend themselves from criminals. People who choose not to carry a gun can make that decision on their own. In conclusion: Gun control is an issue that will always divide Americans but citizens should have the right to choose if they want to carry a gun or not. Taking guns from law -abiding citizens is not going to take guns away criminals who get their guns through illegal channels. Taking guns from citizens is just going to create victims for the criminals. The Police are not always going to be able to arrive in time to stop crimes.